What are we doing concretely for the food prevention of cancer? Nutrition between scientific evidence and myopic policies

Abstract

Scientific research has often investigated the role of diet as a risk factor for cancer development. It is well known that cancer has a multifactorial origin in which several factors are involved: genetic predisposition, dietary factors, personal habits, and infectious and environmental factors. In this Commentary, the role of diet in cancer is discussed following the scientific evidence suggesting that excessive consumption of red meat and processed foods is correlated with a greater risk of contracting cancer. Nevertheless, public health strategies on nutrition in cancer prevention are struggling to take off. The decision to pursue a healthier diet, along with a healthier lifestyle, often comes when the cancer diagnosis is made and not before. On the other hand, scientific evidence demonstrates how nutritional support is increasingly important during oncological treatments. This paper highlights how far we are still from the global adoption of a healthy and sustainable food style from a health, economic, social and environmental perspective. Additionally, it highlights the ancient vision of the role of nutrition on cancer development in which diet is seen only as a possible risk factor, underestimating the protective role in terms of cancer prevention and the modulatory one once the oncological diagnosis has been made.