Review
This article reviews an updated therapeutic algorithm for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) with a special focus on the therapeutic value of adding an mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, changing an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker for an angiotensin
II receptor-neprilysin inhibitor and incorporating an sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor in patients with HFrEF.
Review
This article provides an overview of the main pathophysiological characteristics of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), the considered diverse biological effects of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in this context and the supporting clinical evidence of SGLT2i in patients with HFpEF with a focus on the EMPEROR-Preserved and DELIVER trials.
Review
This paper summarizes the results from the ground-breaking EMPA-REG OUTCOME study and discusses their significance and clinical implications.
Case Report
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management is complex, with few patients successfully achieving recommended glycemic targets with monotherapy, most progressing to combination therapy, and many eventually requiring insulin. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are an emerging class of antidiabetes agents with an insulin-independent mechanism of action, making them suitable for use in combination with any other class of antidiabetes agents, including insulin. In this review the evaluates a 78-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial investigating the impact of empagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, as add-on to basal insulin in patients with inadequate glycemic control on basal insulin, with or without metformin and/or a sulfonylurea.
Review
Although several treatment options are available to reduce hyperglycemia, only about half of individuals with diagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) achieve recommended glycemic targets. New agents that reduce blood glucose concentrations by novel mechanisms and have acceptable safety profiles are needed to improve glycemic control and reduce complications. This article reviews the evidence from clinical trials and suggests that SGLT2 inhibitors are a promising new treatment option for T2DM.
